Learning/AP-Microeconomics/Unit-4— Kevin Jose Thomas

🪴 Knowledgebase

- - A Month Alone in TorontoAug 25
  - Reflecting on Scrapyard - What We Did in Austin TX and 60 Cities around the WorldApr 25
  - Another Week at K-Scale LabsApr 25
  - Air TravelFeb 25
  - Daily TransitSep 24
  - Short Talk with Tom Preston-WernerFeb 24
- - Activation FunctionJul 24
  - AlexNetJul 24
  - Alpha-Beta PruningJul 24
  - AlphaGoJul 24
  - AlphaZeroJul 24
  - Angular Softmax LossJul 24
  - Argmax FunctionJul 24
  - AttentionJul 24
  - BackpropagationJul 24
  - Batch NormalizationJul 24
  - Bayes TheoremJul 24
  - Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT)Nov 24
  - Breadth First Search (BFS)Jan 25
  - ClusteringJul 24
  - Computer VisionJul 24
  - Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP)Jul 24
  - Contrastive LossJul 24
  - ControlNetJul 24
  - Convolutional LayerJul 24
  - Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)Oct 24
  - Cosine Similarity LossJan 25
  - Cross-Entropy LossJul 24
  - DALL-EJul 24
  - DBSCAN ClusteringJul 24
  - Depth First Search (DFS)Jan 25
  - DiffusionJan 25
  - EmbeddingsJul 24
  - Euclidean DistanceJan 25
  - Few-Shot LearningJan 25
  - Fully-Connected LayerJan 25
  - Gaussian Error Linear Unit (GELU)Jan 25
  - Generalized End-to-End Loss (GE2E)Jan 25
  - Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN)Jan 25
  - Global Average Pooling (GAP)Jan 25
  - GoogleNetJan 25
  - Gradient DescentJul 24
  - Hyperbolic Tangent Activation Function (tanh)Jul 24
  - HyperparametersJan 25
  - K-Means ClusteringJul 24
  - Logistic RegressionJul 24
  - Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
  - Markov Decision-Making Process
  - Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS)Jul 24
  - Multilayer Perceptron (MLP)Jul 24
  - Multiple Linear RegressionJul 24
  - PerceptronJul 24
  - PolysemanticityJul 24
  - Rectifier Linear Unit Activation Function (ReLU)Jul 24
  - Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN)Nov 24
  - RegressionsJul 24
  - Reinforcement Learning (RL)Apr 25
  - Semantic SearchJul 24
  - Sigmoid Activation FunctionJul 24
  - Sigmoid NeuronJul 24
  - Simple Linear RegressionJul 24
  - Softmax Activation FunctionJul 24
  - Supervised LearningJul 24
  - Unsupervised LearningJul 24
  - VectorJul 24
- - 1.1 — ScarcitySep 24
    1.2 — Opportunity Cost & Production Possibilities CurveSep 24
    1.3 — Comparative Advantage and Gains from TradeSep 24
    1.4 — DemandOct 24
    1.5 — SupplyOct 24
    1.6 — Market Equilibrium, Disequilibrium, and Changes in EquilibriumOct 24
    Unit ReviewOct 24
    2.1 — Circular Flow Model and Gross Domestic Product (GDP)Nov 24
    2.2 — Limitations of GDPNov 24
    2.3 — UnemploymentNov 24
    2.4 — Price Indices and InflationNov 24
    2.5 — Costs of InflationNov 24
    2.6 — Real vs. Nominal GDPNov 24
    2.7 — Business CycleNov 24
    3.1 — Aggregate DemandJan 25
    3.2 — The Multiplier EffectJan 25
    3.3 — Short-Run Aggregate Supply (SRAS)Jan 25
    3.4 — Long-Run Aggregate Supply (LRAS)Jan 25
    3.5 — Equilibrium in Aggregate Supply and DemandJan 25
    3.6 — Short-Run Changes in Aggregate Supply and DemandJan 25
    3.7 — Long-Run Self-AdjustmentJan 25
    3.8 — Fiscal PolicyJan 25
    3.9 — Automatic StabilizersJan 25
    4.1 — Financial AssetsFeb 25
    4.2 — Nominal vs. Real Interest RatesFeb 25
    4.3 — Definition, Measurement, and Functions of MoneyFeb 25
    4.4 — Banking and the Expansion of the Money SupplyFeb 25
    4.5 — The Money MarketMar 25
    4.6 — Monetary PolicyMar 25
    4.7 — The Loanable Funds MarketMar 25
    5.1 — Fiscal and Monetary Policy Actions in the Short RunJan 25
    5.2 — The Phillips CurveJan 25
    5.3 — Money Growth and InflationJan 25
    5.4 — Government Deficits and the National DebtJan 25
    5.5 — Crowding OutJan 25
    5.6 — Economic GrowthJan 25
    5.7 — Public Policy and Economic GrowthJan 25
  - 1.1 — ScarcityOct 24
    1.2 — Resource Allocation and Economic SystemsOct 24
    1.3 — Production Possibilities CurveOct 24
    1.4 — Comparative Advantage and TradeOct 24
    1.5 — Cost-Benefit AnalysisOct 24
    1.6 — Marginal Analysis and Consumer ChoiceOct 24
    Unit ReviewOct 24
    2.1 — DemandNov 24
    2.2 — SupplyNov 24
    2.3 — Price Elasticity of DemandNov 24
    2.4 — Elasticity of SupplyNov 24
    2.5 — Other ElasticitiesNov 24
    2.6 — Market Equilibrium and Consumer and Producer SurplusNov 24
    2.7 — Market Disequilibrium and Changes in EquilibriumNov 24
    2.8 — The Effects of Government Intervention in MarketsNov 24
    2.9 — International Trade and Public PolicyDec 24
    3.1 — The Production FunctionJan 25
    3.2 — Short-Run Production CostsJan 24
    3.3 — Long-Run Production CostsJan 25
    3.4 — Types of ProfitJan 25
    3.5 — Profit MaximizationJan 25
    3.6 — Short-Run and Long-Run Decision-MakingJan 25
    3.7 — Perfect CompetitionJan 25
    4.1 — Imperfectly Competitive MarketsFeb 25
    4.2 — MonopolyFeb 25
    4.3 — Price DiscriminationFeb 25
    4.4 — Monopolistic CompetitionFeb 25
    4.5 — Oligopoly and Game TheoryFeb 25
    5.1 — Introduction to Factor MarketsMar 25
  - 12.1 — Magnetic FieldsDec 24
    13.1 — ReflectionJan 25
    13.2 — Images Formed by MirrorsJan 25
    13.3 — Refraction
    13.4 — Images Formed by LensesJan 25
    14.1 — Properties of Wave Pulses and WavesFeb 25
    14.2 — Periodic WavesFeb 25
    14.3 — Boundary Behaviour of Waves and PolarizationFeb 25
    14.4 — Electromagnetic WavesFeb 25
    14.5 — The Doppler EffectFeb 25
    14.6 — Wave Interference and Standing WavesFeb 25
    14.7 — DiffractionFeb 25
    14.8 — Double-Slit Interference and Diffraction GratingsFeb 25
    14.9 — Thin-Film InterferenceFeb 25
  - Essays, What Doesn't Work – Inside the Yale Admissions OfficeJul 24
    Essays, What Works – Inside the Yale Admissions OfficeJul 24
    Hack the College EssayNov 24
  - CS229 Lecture 1Jul 25
  - Unit 1Sep 25
  - But how do AI images & videos actually work? — Welch LabsAug 25
    The moment we stopped understanding AI (AlexNet) — Welch LabsAug 25
- - Reading List — April 2025Apr 25
  - Reading List — August 2025Aug 25
  - Reading List — December 2024Dec 24
  - Reading List — January 2025Jan 25
  - Reading List — July 2025Jul 25
  - Reading List — June 2025Jun 25
  - Reading List — May 2025May 25

- - A Month Alone in TorontoAug 25
  - Reflecting on Scrapyard - What We Did in Austin TX and 60 Cities around the WorldApr 25
  - Another Week at K-Scale LabsApr 25
  - Air TravelFeb 25
  - Daily TransitSep 24
  - Short Talk with Tom Preston-WernerFeb 24
- - Activation FunctionJul 24
  - AlexNetJul 24
  - Alpha-Beta PruningJul 24
  - AlphaGoJul 24
  - AlphaZeroJul 24
  - Angular Softmax LossJul 24
  - Argmax FunctionJul 24
  - AttentionJul 24
  - BackpropagationJul 24
  - Batch NormalizationJul 24
  - Bayes TheoremJul 24
  - Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT)Nov 24
  - Breadth First Search (BFS)Jan 25
  - ClusteringJul 24
  - Computer VisionJul 24
  - Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP)Jul 24
  - Contrastive LossJul 24
  - ControlNetJul 24
  - Convolutional LayerJul 24
  - Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)Oct 24
  - Cosine Similarity LossJan 25
  - Cross-Entropy LossJul 24
  - DALL-EJul 24
  - DBSCAN ClusteringJul 24
  - Depth First Search (DFS)Jan 25
  - DiffusionJan 25
  - EmbeddingsJul 24
  - Euclidean DistanceJan 25
  - Few-Shot LearningJan 25
  - Fully-Connected LayerJan 25
  - Gaussian Error Linear Unit (GELU)Jan 25
  - Generalized End-to-End Loss (GE2E)Jan 25
  - Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN)Jan 25
  - Global Average Pooling (GAP)Jan 25
  - GoogleNetJan 25
  - Gradient DescentJul 24
  - Hyperbolic Tangent Activation Function (tanh)Jul 24
  - HyperparametersJan 25
  - K-Means ClusteringJul 24
  - Logistic RegressionJul 24
  - Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
  - Markov Decision-Making Process
  - Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS)Jul 24
  - Multilayer Perceptron (MLP)Jul 24
  - Multiple Linear RegressionJul 24
  - PerceptronJul 24
  - PolysemanticityJul 24
  - Rectifier Linear Unit Activation Function (ReLU)Jul 24
  - Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN)Nov 24
  - RegressionsJul 24
  - Reinforcement Learning (RL)Apr 25
  - Semantic SearchJul 24
  - Sigmoid Activation FunctionJul 24
  - Sigmoid NeuronJul 24
  - Simple Linear RegressionJul 24
  - Softmax Activation FunctionJul 24
  - Supervised LearningJul 24
  - Unsupervised LearningJul 24
  - VectorJul 24
- - 1.1 — ScarcitySep 24
    1.2 — Opportunity Cost & Production Possibilities CurveSep 24
    1.3 — Comparative Advantage and Gains from TradeSep 24
    1.4 — DemandOct 24
    1.5 — SupplyOct 24
    1.6 — Market Equilibrium, Disequilibrium, and Changes in EquilibriumOct 24
    Unit ReviewOct 24
    2.1 — Circular Flow Model and Gross Domestic Product (GDP)Nov 24
    2.2 — Limitations of GDPNov 24
    2.3 — UnemploymentNov 24
    2.4 — Price Indices and InflationNov 24
    2.5 — Costs of InflationNov 24
    2.6 — Real vs. Nominal GDPNov 24
    2.7 — Business CycleNov 24
    3.1 — Aggregate DemandJan 25
    3.2 — The Multiplier EffectJan 25
    3.3 — Short-Run Aggregate Supply (SRAS)Jan 25
    3.4 — Long-Run Aggregate Supply (LRAS)Jan 25
    3.5 — Equilibrium in Aggregate Supply and DemandJan 25
    3.6 — Short-Run Changes in Aggregate Supply and DemandJan 25
    3.7 — Long-Run Self-AdjustmentJan 25
    3.8 — Fiscal PolicyJan 25
    3.9 — Automatic StabilizersJan 25
    4.1 — Financial AssetsFeb 25
    4.2 — Nominal vs. Real Interest RatesFeb 25
    4.3 — Definition, Measurement, and Functions of MoneyFeb 25
    4.4 — Banking and the Expansion of the Money SupplyFeb 25
    4.5 — The Money MarketMar 25
    4.6 — Monetary PolicyMar 25
    4.7 — The Loanable Funds MarketMar 25
    5.1 — Fiscal and Monetary Policy Actions in the Short RunJan 25
    5.2 — The Phillips CurveJan 25
    5.3 — Money Growth and InflationJan 25
    5.4 — Government Deficits and the National DebtJan 25
    5.5 — Crowding OutJan 25
    5.6 — Economic GrowthJan 25
    5.7 — Public Policy and Economic GrowthJan 25
  - 1.1 — ScarcityOct 24
    1.2 — Resource Allocation and Economic SystemsOct 24
    1.3 — Production Possibilities CurveOct 24
    1.4 — Comparative Advantage and TradeOct 24
    1.5 — Cost-Benefit AnalysisOct 24
    1.6 — Marginal Analysis and Consumer ChoiceOct 24
    Unit ReviewOct 24
    2.1 — DemandNov 24
    2.2 — SupplyNov 24
    2.3 — Price Elasticity of DemandNov 24
    2.4 — Elasticity of SupplyNov 24
    2.5 — Other ElasticitiesNov 24
    2.6 — Market Equilibrium and Consumer and Producer SurplusNov 24
    2.7 — Market Disequilibrium and Changes in EquilibriumNov 24
    2.8 — The Effects of Government Intervention in MarketsNov 24
    2.9 — International Trade and Public PolicyDec 24
    3.1 — The Production FunctionJan 25
    3.2 — Short-Run Production CostsJan 24
    3.3 — Long-Run Production CostsJan 25
    3.4 — Types of ProfitJan 25
    3.5 — Profit MaximizationJan 25
    3.6 — Short-Run and Long-Run Decision-MakingJan 25
    3.7 — Perfect CompetitionJan 25
    4.1 — Imperfectly Competitive MarketsFeb 25
    4.2 — MonopolyFeb 25
    4.3 — Price DiscriminationFeb 25
    4.4 — Monopolistic CompetitionFeb 25
    4.5 — Oligopoly and Game TheoryFeb 25
    5.1 — Introduction to Factor MarketsMar 25
  - 12.1 — Magnetic FieldsDec 24
    13.1 — ReflectionJan 25
    13.2 — Images Formed by MirrorsJan 25
    13.3 — Refraction
    13.4 — Images Formed by LensesJan 25
    14.1 — Properties of Wave Pulses and WavesFeb 25
    14.2 — Periodic WavesFeb 25
    14.3 — Boundary Behaviour of Waves and PolarizationFeb 25
    14.4 — Electromagnetic WavesFeb 25
    14.5 — The Doppler EffectFeb 25
    14.6 — Wave Interference and Standing WavesFeb 25
    14.7 — DiffractionFeb 25
    14.8 — Double-Slit Interference and Diffraction GratingsFeb 25
    14.9 — Thin-Film InterferenceFeb 25
  - Essays, What Doesn't Work – Inside the Yale Admissions OfficeJul 24
    Essays, What Works – Inside the Yale Admissions OfficeJul 24
    Hack the College EssayNov 24
  - CS229 Lecture 1Jul 25
  - Unit 1Sep 25
  - But how do AI images & videos actually work? — Welch LabsAug 25
    The moment we stopped understanding AI (AlexNet) — Welch LabsAug 25
- - Reading List — April 2025Apr 25
  - Reading List — August 2025Aug 25
  - Reading List — December 2024Dec 24
  - Reading List — January 2025Jan 25
  - Reading List — July 2025Jul 25
  - Reading List — June 2025Jun 25
  - Reading List — May 2025May 25